فصلنامه مددکاری اجتماعی
سال دهم شماره 35 (بهار 1400)

The family traditionally has special supportive care functions; However, in recent times, this social institution, along with increasing the fluidity of public culture, has faced significant functional challenges. Among them is the inability of the family to control adolescents formally and informally, which results in general abnormalities such as self-harm. This study aimed to investigate the family contexts leading to self-harm among female students in Yazd.

 This research was done by using a qualitative approach and the underlying theory method. Twenty-three high school girls in Yazd were selected by theoretical sampling method. They were in-depth interviewed about self-harm in the context of family issues. Until the data saturation, the theoretical sampling process continued. 

The data were analyzed by the open, axial, and selective coding method and presented as storylines including twenty-six main categories and one core category and paradigm model. Results showed that family time-space separation is mainly created by some agents including emotional/financial deficit, losing father, and family anomie by the second marriage, analogy humiliation, lived experience of punishment and injury, and the heritage of self-harm and consumption. Adolescent girls are choosing different strategies for this matter including comprehensive secrecy, dual behaviors in home and school, conventional show-off, and self-harm. These strategies can cause consequences such as the new family utopia, emotional separation from parents, persistent frustration, and trauma.

Family time-space separation has led to a problematic situation in which families lost their functions and capability of making positive change. In other words, there is no ability to solve problems from existing paths, or especially from prior and traditional paths. As a result, smart intervention measures must be taken in such families.

Responsibility takes on different meanings and levels during different courses of human life and is closely related to the way children are raised by their parents, particularly in the early ages of their life. The developmental changes in responsibility and its relationship with the perceived parenting styles of Yazd residents were studied in the framework of a cross-sectional analysis.

Using both causal-comparative and correlational research designs, the population consisted of three hundred fifty-one fifty-one men and women aged twelve to seventy-five years old were recruited in six age groups. Depending on the age differences, the first(twelve to thirteen-year-olds), second(fifteen to seventeen-year-olds), third(twenty to twenty-five-year olds), and fourth group(thirty-five to forty-year-olds) were selected using multi-stage random sampling, while the fifth(forty-five to fifty-five-year-olds), as well as sixth (groups over sixty-year-olds), were selected by using a convenience sampling method. The whole sample filled out the perceived parenting styles questionnaire and the California psychological inventory for measuring responsibility.

The findings from the analysis of variance (MANOVA) showed that there was a significant difference in the responsibility scores between the age groups i.e. the fifth age group scored the highest scores of responsibility and the first group had the lowest scores. In other words, responsibility developed increasingly, during the period of transition from adolescence to adulthood. There was also a difference in the responsibility scores of individuals with different parenting styles. Responsibility scores in people with authoritative and strict parenting styles were more than the neglecting style. Thus, in general, people aged forty-five to fifty-five years old with authoritative parents had the highest scores of responsibility.

The findings indicated that further studies on broader age groups, using coherent longitudinal research design, will provide an overview of changes in responsibility at different age courses. Results from changes in parenting style and responsibility will help parents and policymakers in educational systems in planning better policies and programs in the long run.

Life satisfaction is very important due to its simultaneous and long-term relationship with the results of adolescent adjustments, such as higher academic performance, favorable social status, reducing behavioral problems, and increasing adolescent participation. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between adolescence’ gratitude and satisfaction of life with the mediation of social support and emotional problems. 

The statistical population of the study consisted of all male students who studied at Meybod high school in the academic year of 2019-2020. Two hundred eighty-seven people were selected by random sampling method. The data were collected using gratitude, the satisfaction of life, social support, and me and my school questionnaires. 

The results of path analysis showed that direct relationships of gratitude, social support, and emotional problems with the satisfaction of life were significant. Also, the indirect effects of gratitude on the satisfaction of life through mediation of social support and emotional problems were significant. 

According to the results, by increasing social support and implementing programs such as education, to increase appreciation and regulate emotional problems, students can be helped to have higher life satisfaction.

One of the most important causes of marital incompatibility is couples’ communication problems. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of the marital relationship enrichment training program on marital adjustment of couples with hyperactive children referred to the Yazd family conservation center. 

This study is a quasi-experimental design with a pretest-posttest design with a control group. Forty couples referring to the Family Foundation of Yazd, which had hyperactive children and received the lowest adjustment score from the marital adjustment questionnaire (Spanner1976), were selected through convenience sampling and randomly assigned to two experimental and control groups. The experimental group received eight sessions of ninety minutes training program each week. Both groups were administered the questionnaire of Spanner’s marital adjustment questionnaire(1976) as a Pre-test and post-test. 

Findings show that there was a significant difference between the two groups in the satisfaction variable (F=101.96, P<0.01) and the correlation (P=0.01 and F=73.45), respectively. Therefore, according to the above findings, it can be concluded that the marital relationship enrichment training program affects increasing the satisfaction and correlation of couples. 

The results of this study showed that marital relationship enrichment training programs significantly increased marital adjustment and dimensions of satisfaction, correlation, agreement, and supra-conscience.

Marital satisfaction is one of the most important variables affecting family function that is affected by various psychological factors. The purpose of this study was to investigate the mediating role of mindfulness in the relationship between emotional schemas and marital satisfaction. 

The method of this research is descriptive-correlational. Three hundred four married female students of Yazd University were selected by the available sampling method and fill out the marital satisfaction (Enrich, 1989), emotional schemas (Khanezadeh et al., 2008), and five facet mindfulness (Baer et al., 2006) questionnaires. Data analysis was performed using structural equation modeling and AMOS software. 

The results showed that the model was acceptable for fitting and showed that emotional schemas and mindfulness had a direct effect on marital satisfaction. Mediating results also showed that emotional schemas through mindfulness indirectly affect marital satisfaction and mindfulness can significantly play the partial mediating role. The direct and indirect effects of emotional schemas on satisfaction were negative twenty-three hundredths and negative thirteen hundredths respectively. 

According to the findings of this study, paying attention to variables such as emotional schemas and mindfulness can play a role in increasing the marital satisfaction of couples.

Child labor is a phenomenon in many developing countries. The issue of child labor in Iran is also a social phenomenon that occurs for various reasons. Given the importance of this phenomenon, the purpose of the present study is to explore the reasons for child labor from the activist’s perspective in this field in the city of Yazd. 

This study was used the grounded theory method that led to the construction of a phenomenon within the context of open, axial, and selective coding. By purposeful sampling and saturation criterion, ten activists of child labor in related institutions in the city of Yazd were interviewed in a semi-structured manner. 

 It has been found five main categories under the headings of Poverty, multiple instabilities, two-way interaction, dependence, challenging learning. Then the paradigm model has been figured based on the concepts extracted. 

According to the results, it is suggested should have more consideration on the first and second levels of rehabilitation. make suitable educational plans for labor child to enhance their learning quality. More serious actions should be taken in the following aspects the social, psychological, and improve the children’s relationship with their society and their families. Finally,  make migrant labor children aware of the culture of the destination city to reduce their confusion upon arrival. In this regard, make the citizens aware of their cultural differences too.

The family provides the first seed of human development and personality development. The child learns ethical principles and social relationships with others in the family. So it is important to know what relationships are in the parents’ family and how they raise their children. The main purpose of this study was to investigate triangulation forms and their relationship with parenting styles among families in Yazd. 

The statistical population of this study was all families with children in Yazd. The sample consisted of three hundred eighty-four people who were selected by cluster random sampling from three regions of Yazd. The instruments used in this study were the Bamrind parenting styles questionnaire and the triangulation questionnaire. Statistical descriptive methods were used for data analysis and Pearson correlation, independent t-test, and stepwise regression were used to test the research hypotheses. 

The results showed that triangulation in families in Yazd is below average. Triangle shapes also predicted the authoritarian style of parenting. Other results showed that the forms of triangulation were not significantly different in terms of the number of children, type of marriage, marriage history, the field of study, type of job, and type of marriage, but differed by degree. 

The more affection and intimacy between parents and family members, the fewer families use triangulation and the greater their tendency to love and interact. And as parenting styles move toward authoritarianism, the amount of triangulation in families increases. Finally, considering the pivotal role of young parents and couples in how to interact with their children, it is suggested that adequate education and awareness on effective and desirable educational methods and the positive and negative consequences of using parenting styles be given.